US3913086A - System for safeguarding a device against being operated and used by persons of reduced capacity - Google Patents

System for safeguarding a device against being operated and used by persons of reduced capacity Download PDF

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Publication number
US3913086A
US3913086A US403657A US40365773A US3913086A US 3913086 A US3913086 A US 3913086A US 403657 A US403657 A US 403657A US 40365773 A US40365773 A US 40365773A US 3913086 A US3913086 A US 3913086A
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Prior art keywords
frequency
key
testing
recited
button
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US403657A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl Adler
Georges Ducommun
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Biviator AG
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Biviator AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/161—Flicker fusion testing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
    • B60K28/02—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver
    • B60K28/06—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver
    • B60K28/063—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver preventing starting of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption

Definitions

  • a flickering luminous indication may be provided, the frequency of which can be set by the person.
  • the so-called flicker mergingfrequency called CFF hereinafter, is the frequency at which the person just fails to see the flickering of the luminous indication but gains the impression of a steady light.
  • CFF flicker mergingfrequency
  • the deviation of this CFF from a basic CFF ascertained from the normal state of the person presents a measurement of the capacity or the alertness of the person. Only when the setting of the frequency is adjusted within a relatively narrow margin to about a fixed nominal frequency, can the car he started up. This prevents any-person of disturbed or diminished capacity from using the car.
  • a combined test is carried out which simultaneously tests the muscular motive functions, the reaction ability, the memory potential and the physio-psychic state of an operator, each qualified person having a particular key coded in accordancewith their personal normal capacity, the test being-initiated by inserting the key in a reader of the automatic safety system which presets the action of the automatic safety system to'suit that one person, whereupon the said person carries out the test in order to be able to start up theinstallation.
  • the automatic safety system is programmed by insertion of a different coded key of any type for each specific person and hence adjusted to the normal personal capacity of this person. It is possible for this person to carry out correctly the test as to whether his normal capacity exists, and if this is so, the
  • car can be driven.
  • the car may be used by any other person if he possesses a key coded to his individual capacity.
  • the key which on establishment of the normal capacity of the person concerned is issued by the authorities,-may also count as a driving licence. It is then at any time possible for the police to ascertain if any particular person is really authorised and capable to drive a certain vehicle. That is the case only when this person has a'personal key and when he is capable by means of this key to start the vehicle.
  • the method is devised such that all decisive factors such as as muscular motive functions, reaction capacity, memory potential and physio-psychic state are ascertained.
  • decisive factors such as as muscular motive functions, reaction capacity, memory potential and physio-psychic state are ascertained.
  • FIGURE is a blocked diagram of a preferred embodiment of a system according to the present invention.
  • the system has as essential component an optional number of keys which in the case of the embodiment are perforated cards. Each contains in a coded form a number corresponding to the normal flicker merging frequency of the person who owns the card.
  • the automaticv safety system has a reader, in the present case a card reader 2, which reads and forwards the coded signal contained in the card 1 to a comparison circuit 4.
  • An oscillator 3 acts to control the different circuits of the automatic safety system.
  • a unit 5 denoted collectively as a logic unit or network, controls the entire action of the system by means of gates, or similar switching elements in known manner and only as required. In reality no actual logic blocks of the kind shown exists, the logic functions being gathered into a block diagram in the drawing only for the sake of clarity.
  • the output signal frequency of the counter 7 is further reduced in a further 30 -minute counter 8, so that at the output thereof an impulse appears withaperiodicity of about 60 minutes. After each half-periodof the signal, ie at intervals of about 30 minutes, an output signal is transmitted to the logic unit 5.
  • a counter 9 counts the number of successively effected tests. If in the embodiment shown, this counter reaches the position No. 3, then it transmits an output impulse to the counter 8, which now during the following'30 minutes transmits a suppression signal to the logic unit 5, which blocks the automatic safety mechanism for this period against any further attempt.
  • the automatic mechanism has a start button contact 10 which, when the counter 9 is actuated, is moved forward by one position, and a starting signal is transmitted to the logic unit 5 for a purpose explained hereinafter.
  • the actuation of the button 10 has been made difficult by mechanical cut-outs, so that only a calm concentrated manipulation can operate it. inadequately controlled actuation of the button 10 transmits a signal to the logic unit 5 which denotes the test as failed and prevents the starting of the vehicle.
  • the starting signal is transmitted via a delay circuit 11 which between each test causes a different delay of between and seconds and renders it impossible to ascertain the basic CFF by means of a stop-watch or like aid. 7
  • the regulator 12 automatically regulates the frequency of an oscillator 13.
  • the regulator uses a sliding analog voltage regulator including an operational amplifier, which causes a control voltage for the oscillator 13 to fall in a predetermined manner during the test, from a maximum to a minimum.
  • the frequency of the oscillator 13 hence drops correspondingly from an upper limit frequency of 7 KHz by 200 Hz per second to a lower limit frequency of 2 KHz
  • the output frequency of the oscillator 13 is divided in a transducer by a ratio 100:1 to a frequency of 70-20 Hz.
  • the output signal of the transducer 14 has a rectangular impulse with a fixed ratio of 1:1 so that the impulse duration is always equal to the duration of the interval. This signal is amplified in an amplifier 15 the output of which feeds a flashinglamp or CFF.
  • the battery potential of the vehicle is applied via a contact 19 of the ignition switch to feed a stabilizer and voltage converter 16 which supplies a normal voltage Un and a special voltage Us. It also produces the necessary voltages for the operational amplifiers and all other circuit parts.
  • the special voltage is used, for example, for feeding the 30 minute cut-out.
  • a relay amplifier 17 is provided for actuating contacts 20 in the ignition and starter circuit.
  • the relay amplifier 17 may in special cases be switched on via an emergency switch 18, so that in the cases in which a normal start would take up too much time, or which for other reason would not be desirable, the vehicle may be started directly.
  • a further contact 21 is coupled with the emergency switch 18, which triggers off an alarm, such as a warning flasher installation, or the horn of the car. in
  • the driver inserts his personal punchcard 1 into the card reader 2, which transmits a coded signal in accordance with his personal CFF to the comparison circuit.'All information data which may still be existing from an earlier actuation are hereby cancelled, except for the blocking functions of the circuits 7 and 8.
  • the reading operation is activated, which in the case of the punched card, iseffected by lamps and photo-diodes.
  • the automatic system is now prepared for a first test.
  • a button is depressed, causing the counter 9, the logic Sand the delay 11 of the regulator 12 and the oscillator 13 to be switched on; the lamp CFF commences to flicker at its maximum frequency, if the button was correctly actuated, thus testing certain muscular motive functions of the person concerned.
  • the flicker frequency is chosen'to be initially so high that no person can see the flicker, but gain the impression of a continuous light. The frequency now drops at a predetermined rate. As soon as the flicker of 5 the light is first noticed, the button 10 is released immediately, and the regulator 12 and the oscillator 13, this time without any delay, remain in the states attained, i.e. the oscillator frequency does not change.
  • the comparison circuit 4 transmits a corresponding signal to the logic 5, which in turn actuates the relay amplifier l7 and causes the closure of the contacts in the ignition and starter circuit. The vehicle may now be started.
  • the test flicker frequency does not agree closely with the basic CFF fed by the card, then no signal is transmitted to the logic 5 and the relay amplifier 17 and the circuit is reset to the original state. Whether the frequency has dropped too low owing to a slow reaction, or owing to the dropping of the personal CFF, makes no difference. The dropping of the flicker frequency to below the permissible limit indicates that, seen as a whole, there is lack of vigilance.
  • the test may now be recommenced in the manner described. If the driver succeedsin setting a flicker frequency within the limit range with this second test, then the vehicle may be started in the manner described. If the second attempt also fails, then a third attempt may be made. If this also fails, then on releasing the button 10 the counter 9 transmits a start signal to the thirty minute counter 8, which via the logic 5 puts the automatic safety device out of action for 30 minutes, so that during this time no new attempt can start the vehicle engine.
  • the stabiliser and voltage transformer 16 are still supplied from the car battery via a separate constantly connected lead so that the circuits of the automatic system remain live.
  • the relay amplifier 17 remains in its operational state, so that the controlled contacts prepare the ignition circuit and the starter circuit, and these circuits can immediately be closed by means of the ignition switch.
  • the counter 7 disconnects the relay amplifier'17 which becomes ineffective and the vehicle can be started only after a renewed successful carryingout of a test.
  • A- condition that the circuit remains in readiness to start during 3 minutes is that the card 1 remains in the card reader 2.
  • the above-described automatic safety system may be used in substantially the same form for safeguarding any other conveyance or any installation. In all cases it is a question of permitting the starting or use of the installation only when the operator has successfully passedhis individually adapted test.
  • the range of frequency in which the test is to be considered as passed may be selected to be wider or narrower. In the automatic safety system described for automotive vehicles this range, may be 5 Hz, i.e. the frequency set may be 2.5 Hz below or above the nominal frequency fed by the card 1. More or less than three attempts may be allowed, as predetermined by adjust ment of the counter 9.
  • the determination of the personal CFF may be effected in any suitable manner.
  • the test provided by the automatic safety system gives simultaneous investigation of several factors.
  • the muscular motive functions is tested
  • the automatically controlled drop of the flicker frequency gives a reaction test since at the first sign of flickering the actuating button has to be released to prevent excessive dropping of the frequency
  • the separators memory and observation are tested in that an indication consisting of a flickering illuminated disc in a ring of varying luminous intensity has to be recognised, and the physio-psychic state is tested by ascertaining the CFF.
  • the method of operation of the CFF test by means of an automatic safety system operated in a manner partly manually, partly automatically, provides the simultaneous testing of all essential functions of the operator for ascertaining his vigilance.
  • the tests as far as necessary, are suited to individual circumstances.
  • the speed at which the frequency of the luminous indication drops may be predetermined by means of the card 1, so that individual reaction speeds are required from different persons.
  • Means for testing muscular motive functions may also be adjustable and set by means of the card 1, or a suitably coded key be used by each individual.
  • testing step comprises:
  • testing memory potential by providing a predetermined luminous indicator image
  • a safety system for inhibiting operation of a device by persons of reduced capacity comprising:
  • fourth means responsive to a coded key to preset said predetermined standard to characteristics individually associated with said key whereby each test performed is individualized to the operator whose key is used.
  • punched cards are provided as keys.
  • said first means includes an oscillator of variable frequency and a luminous indication supplied with current by said oscillator to provide a flicker frequency signal
  • said second means includes a comparison circuit comparing the flicker-merging frequency ascertained from an operator with a personal frequency derived from a code on said operators key.
  • said first means further includes control means having a start button causing said oscillator after actuation of said button to fall automatically from a maximum starting value, fall of said frequency being stopped when said button is released.
  • a system as recited in claim 8 further including a holding circuit for maintaining said locking means out of action during short breaks in the operation of said device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Psychology (AREA)
  • Social Psychology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
US403657A 1972-10-31 1973-10-04 System for safeguarding a device against being operated and used by persons of reduced capacity Expired - Lifetime US3913086A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1584372A CH556663A (de) 1972-10-31 1972-10-31 Vorrichtung zur sicherung von anlagen und verkehrsmitteln gegen inbetriebsetzung und benutzung durch personen mit herabgesetztem leistungsvermoegen.

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US3913086A true US3913086A (en) 1975-10-14

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US403657A Expired - Lifetime US3913086A (en) 1972-10-31 1973-10-04 System for safeguarding a device against being operated and used by persons of reduced capacity

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US (1) US3913086A (en])
JP (1) JPS4976241A (en])
CA (1) CA1003069A (en])
CH (1) CH556663A (en])
ES (1) ES419602A1 (en])
FR (1) FR2205019A5 (en])
GB (1) GB1435023A (en])
IT (1) IT1006606B (en])
NL (1) NL7313686A (en])
SE (1) SE7314718L (en])

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072850A (en) * 1975-01-03 1978-02-07 Mcglynn Daniel R Vehicle usage monitoring and recording system
US4664127A (en) * 1984-08-28 1987-05-12 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle-loaded heartbeat meter
US4723625A (en) * 1985-12-16 1988-02-09 Susan Komlos Sobriety tester
US4854329A (en) * 1987-07-21 1989-08-08 Walruff James C Apparatus and method for noninvasive testing of voluntary and involuntary motor response patterns
US5224566A (en) * 1991-04-25 1993-07-06 Stepanian Gary L Driving under the influence prevention, and methods of constructing and utilizing same
US6029102A (en) * 1997-07-01 2000-02-22 Elsman; James L. Driver control display system for a vehicle
US20060180378A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2006-08-17 Stefan Nordin Device for preventing a driver under the influence of drugs to use a motor vehicle
US20080196963A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2008-08-21 Margareta Karlsson Method and Device For Controlling a Car
US20110237391A1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-09-29 Radu Ioan Burdeti Vehicle engine shutdown prevention system
CN106361357A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2017-02-01 西南交通大学 驾驶能力的测试方法与系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HU184050B (en) * 1979-11-29 1984-06-28 Gyoergy Balogh Method for detecting and checking the decreasing of activity and watchfulness level of driver on vehicles on non-limited way having independent source of power as well as safety device for vehicles of non-limited way
GB2222524A (en) * 1988-09-12 1990-03-14 Jimbo Engineering Corp Flicker-fusion apparatus
US6113538A (en) * 1997-04-02 2000-09-05 Bowles-Langley Technology, Inc. Alertness tester

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266032A (en) * 1961-11-24 1966-08-09 Oerlikon Maschf Safety apparatus for vehicle operated by one person
US3610943A (en) * 1970-05-11 1971-10-05 Trevor O Jones Vehicle operation inhibitor control system
US3698385A (en) * 1970-10-07 1972-10-17 Nasa Reaction tester
US3735207A (en) * 1971-11-26 1973-05-22 Gen Motors Corp Vehicle operation inhibitor control system
US3755776A (en) * 1972-04-07 1973-08-28 Gen Motors Corp Vehicle operation inhibitor control system
US3794968A (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-02-26 Raytheon Co Analyzer for comparing the response of an organism to a reference pattern
US3811116A (en) * 1972-07-15 1974-05-14 Nissan Motor Device for detecting mental impairment

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266032A (en) * 1961-11-24 1966-08-09 Oerlikon Maschf Safety apparatus for vehicle operated by one person
US3610943A (en) * 1970-05-11 1971-10-05 Trevor O Jones Vehicle operation inhibitor control system
US3698385A (en) * 1970-10-07 1972-10-17 Nasa Reaction tester
US3735207A (en) * 1971-11-26 1973-05-22 Gen Motors Corp Vehicle operation inhibitor control system
US3755776A (en) * 1972-04-07 1973-08-28 Gen Motors Corp Vehicle operation inhibitor control system
US3811116A (en) * 1972-07-15 1974-05-14 Nissan Motor Device for detecting mental impairment
US3794968A (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-02-26 Raytheon Co Analyzer for comparing the response of an organism to a reference pattern

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072850A (en) * 1975-01-03 1978-02-07 Mcglynn Daniel R Vehicle usage monitoring and recording system
US4664127A (en) * 1984-08-28 1987-05-12 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle-loaded heartbeat meter
US4723625A (en) * 1985-12-16 1988-02-09 Susan Komlos Sobriety tester
US4854329A (en) * 1987-07-21 1989-08-08 Walruff James C Apparatus and method for noninvasive testing of voluntary and involuntary motor response patterns
US5224566A (en) * 1991-04-25 1993-07-06 Stepanian Gary L Driving under the influence prevention, and methods of constructing and utilizing same
US6029102A (en) * 1997-07-01 2000-02-22 Elsman; James L. Driver control display system for a vehicle
US20060180378A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2006-08-17 Stefan Nordin Device for preventing a driver under the influence of drugs to use a motor vehicle
US7658255B2 (en) * 2003-03-07 2010-02-09 Trocadero Consulting Ab Device for preventing a driver under the influence of drugs to use a motor vehicle
US20080196963A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2008-08-21 Margareta Karlsson Method and Device For Controlling a Car
US20110237391A1 (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-09-29 Radu Ioan Burdeti Vehicle engine shutdown prevention system
US8142331B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2012-03-27 Studio Allumage, Inc. Vehicle engine shutdown prevention system
CN106361357A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2017-02-01 西南交通大学 驾驶能力的测试方法与系统
CN106361357B (zh) * 2016-08-30 2020-04-28 西南交通大学 驾驶能力的测试方法与系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1435023A (en) 1976-05-12
CA1003069A (en) 1977-01-04
DE2345562A1 (de) 1974-05-09
ES419602A1 (es) 1976-10-01
JPS4976241A (en]) 1974-07-23
CH556663A (de) 1974-12-13
DE2345562B2 (de) 1976-07-15
FR2205019A5 (en]) 1974-05-24
SE7314718L (en]) 1974-05-02
NL7313686A (en]) 1974-05-02
IT1006606B (it) 1976-10-20

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